Taliban takeover of Afganistan

             Taliban takeover of Afghanistan 

At first, we should know about the Taliban 

Taliban-

Taliban, Pashto Ṭālebān (“Students”), also spelled Taleban, an ultraconservative political and religious faction that emerged in Afghanistan in the mid-1990s following the withdrawal of Soviet troops, the collapse of Afghanistan’s communist regime, and the subsequent breakdown in civil order. The faction took its name from its membership, which consisted largely of students trained in madrasahs  (Islamic religious schools) that had been established for Afghan refugees in the 1980s in northern Pakistan.

Origin and rule- 

The Taliban emerged as a force for social order in 1994 in the southern Afghan province of Kandahar and quickly subdued the local warlords who controlled the south of the country. By late 1996, popular support for the Taliban among Afghanistan’s southern pashtun ethnic group, as well as assistance from conservative Islamic elements abroad, had enabled the faction to seize the capital, Kabul, and gain effective control of the country. Resistance to the Taliban continued, however, particularly among non-Pashtun ethnic groups—namely, the Tajik, the Uzbek, and the Hazara—in the north, west, and central parts of the country, who saw the power of the predominantly Pashtun Taliban as a continuation of the traditional Pashtun hegemony of the country. By 2001 the Taliban controlled all but a small section of northern Afghanistan.

World opinion, however, largely disapproved of the Taliban’s social policies—including the near-total exclusion of women from public life (including employment and education), the systematic destruction of non-Islamic artistic relics (as occurred in the town of Bamiyan), and the implementation of harsh criminal punishments—and only Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the United Arab Emirates ever recognized the regime. More significant was the fact that the Taliban allowed Afghanistan to be a haven for Islamic militants from throughout the world, including an exiled Saudi Arabian, Osama Bin Laden, who, as leader of al-Queda, stood accused of organizing numerous terrorist attacks against American interests. The Taliban’s refusal to extradite bin Laden to the United States following the attacks on the World Trade Center in  New York City and on the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C., on September 11, 2001, prompted a military confrontation with the United States and allied powers The Taliban was subsequently driven from power.

Now Taliban takeover of Afghanistan  -

The Taliban have returned to power in Afghanistan twenty years after their ouster by U.S. troops, sparking concerns that they will impose harsh rule, neglect to provide basic services, and abuse human rights.

A military offensive by the Taliban and allied militant groups against the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and its allies began on 1 May 2021, coinciding with the Withdrawal of the U.S. and allied troops from Afghanistan. 

The offensive marked the end of the near 20-year-old War in Afghanistan which had begun following the U.S. invasion of the country

 response to the September 11 attacks and resulted in theDe facto takeover of the country and the reinstatement of the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan.

 In the first three months of the offensive, the Taliban made significant territorial gains in the countryside, increasing the number of districts it controlled from 73 to 223. On 6 August, the Taliban launched an assault on the provincial capitals of Afghanistan, with most of the towns surrendering without a fight, and it captured all Afghan provincial capitals except Bazarak.

The Taliban victory had widespread domestic and international ramifications regarding human rights and the proliferation of terrorism.

The offensive included a continuation of the bottom-up succession of negotiated or paid surrenders to the Taliban from the village level upwards that started following the Feb 2020 US-Taliban deal.

 Factors prior to May 2021 included the Taliban's effective use of online social media, its strategical choice of attacking northern provinces, and the Taliban's freedom of movement on the main Afghan highways that resulted from the Afghan national security (ANSF) following the US-recommended strategy of sacrificing rural areas in favor of defending key urban centers.

So that's all about it .